MATERI

 

1.       form (p.1)             : started; founded; established; developed

2.       compose (p.1)      : consisted of; comprised

3.       organize (p.2)       : arranged; managed; coordinated; controlled; made a plan

4.       heal (p.2)              : making good; settling; reconciling

5.       foster (p.2)           : promoted; advanced

6.       grow (p.3)            : increased; multiplied

7.       join (p.3)              : became a member; entered

8.       chiefly (p.3)          : primarily; mainly; essentially; mostly; principally

9.       admission (p.3)     : admittance; entrance

10.   original (p.3)         : first; initial; previous

11.   lead (p.4)             : directed

12.   dissent (p.4)         : disagree; oppose; rebel; dispute

13.   hostile (p.4)          : aggressive; antagonistic; intimidating

14.   attempt                 : tried; endeavoured

15.   set up (p.4)           : found; establish; form

16.   Take (p.4)            : undertake; be responsible for

17.   developed (p.4)    : advanced

18.   disagree (p.5)       : argued; quarreled; disputed; fought

19.   resent (p.5)           : disliked; hated

20.   budget (p.5)         : finances; financial plan; funds

21.   withdraw (p.5)      : left; abandoned; retreated

 

 

1.       appointed (p.1)           : chosen; elected

2.       term (p.1)                   : period; time; span; duration

3.       represented (p.1)        : acted for; spoken for

4.       sponsored (p.2)          : supported

5.       realized (p.2)              : accomplished; achieved; reached

6.       objects (p.2)               : protests; opposes

7.       willing (p.3)                 : want; desire

8.       intended (p.4)             : aimed; meant; expected

9.       objective (p.4)            : purpose; aim; intention; goal; idea

10.   horizons (p.4)             : perspectives

11.   cultivated (p.4)            : developed; fostered

12.   opportunity (p.5)         : chance; occasion; prospect

13.   requirements (p.6)       : things that is demanded

14.   fulfilled (p.6)               : completed; met; filled; satisfied; complied with

15.   mastering  (p.6)           : gain complete knowledge of or skill in something

16.   talent (p.6)                  : ability; capacity

17.   particular (p.6)            : specific; precise

18.   abide (p.6)                  : remain or stay in a place

19.   rules (p.6)                   : set of laws; regulations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.       tracing (p.1)                : finding; discovering, tracking; trailing (p.1) =

2.       vital (p.1)                    : very important; essential; crucial; necessary (p.1) =

3.       arm (p.1)                    : division, section; part (p.1) =

4.       delegates (p.1)            : representatives; deputies; agents (p.1) =

5.       seek (p.1)                   : look for; search for; hunt for (p.1) =

6.       track down (p.1)         : discover; hunt down; trace; find (p.1) =

7.       disappeared (p.1)       : vanished (p.1) =

8.       wake (p.1)                  : following (p.1) =

9.       feasible (p.1)               : possible (p.1) =

10.   hostages (p.1)             : prisoners (p.1) =

11.   launched (p.2)             : started; begun (p.2) =

12.   dubbed (p.2)              : called; named (p.2) =

13.   received (p.2)             : accepted; obtained; took (p.2) =

14.   requests (p.2)             : polite asking (p.2) =

15.   concerned (p.2)          : related to; be connected with; had to do with (p.2) =

16.   victims (p.2)                : fatalities (p.2) =

17.   recent (p.2)                 : new; current; latest (p.2) =

18.   stemmed from (p.2)    : originated (p.2)

19.   well-being (p.2)          : health; safety; security (p.2)

20.   relieve (p.2)                : alleviate; reduce; lessen (p.2) =

21.   anguish (p.2)               : suffering; pain (p.2) =

22.   set out (p.3)                : define; describe; detail (p.3) =

23.   treatment (p.3)            : cure; healing; medication (p.3) =

24.   attached (p.3)             : assigned (p.3) =

25.   records (p.4)              : report; account (p.4) =

26.   grueling (p.4)              : exhausting (p.4) =

27.   carried out (p.4)          : performed; done (p.4) =

28.   guarantee (p.4)           : assure; warrant; secure (p.4) =

29.   abundance (p.4)          : plenty; great plenty (p.4) =

30.   initiative (p.4)              : first step (p.4) =

31.   dash (p.4)                   : rush; haste (p.4) =

32.   daring (p.4)                 : bold; brave (p.4) =

33.   lead (p.4)                    : direction (p.4) =

34.   crisscrossing (p.4)       : interweaving; jig jagging (p.4) =

35.   battle (p.4)                  : combat; clash; fight (p.4) =

36.   dodging (p.4)              : escaping; evading (p.4) =

37.   wounded (p.5)            : injured; hurt (p.5) =

38.   depressed (p.5)          : dispirited; disheartened; saddened (p.5) =

39.   compiled (p.5)            : listed; composed; recorded (p.5) =

40.   border (p.5)                : limit; boundary; margin (p.5) =

41.   effort (p.7)                  : attempt; endeavour; try (p.7) =

42.   handle (p.7)                : process; manage (p.7) =

43.   equip (p.7)                  : prepare; train (p.7) =

44.   emergencies (p.7)       : urgent situation; crisis (p.7) =

45.   mandate (p.8)             : order; command; directive (p.8) =

46.   annual (p.8)                : yearly; twelve monthly; once a year (p.8) =

47.   donated (p.9)              : given; contributed (p.8) =

48.   signed (p.8)                : endorsed; initialed ( p.8) =

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.       play (p.1)                    : take the part of; perform;    act (p.1) =

2.       role (p.1)                    : part; function (p.1) =

3.       utilize (p.1)                  : use; exploit (p1) =

4.       equipment (p.1)          : tools; apparatus (p.1) =

5.       upgraded (p.1)            : raised (p.1) =

6.       fiscal (p.2)                  : economic, financial, monetary (p.2) =

7.       garments (p.2)            : clothes; fashion; wear (p.2) =

8.       absorbed (p.3)            : engaged (p.3) =

9.       accordingly (p.3)         : so, hence; consequently; as a result (p.3) =

10.   value (p.4)                  : worth (p.4)

11.   foster (p.5)                 :

12.   strides (p.5)                :

13.   enterprises (p.5)

14.   pursued (p.6)

15.   entrepreneurs (p.6)

16.   joint (p.6)

17.   venture (p.6)

18.   charter (p.6)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.       goods (p.1)                 : merchandise; wares; products, commodities (p.1) =

2.       general (p.1)               : universal; common (p.1) =

3.       public (p.1)                 : community; society; people (p.1) =

4.       firms (p.1)                   : companies; corporations (p.1) =

5.       final (p.1)                    : last; ending; ultimate (p.1) =

6.       step (p.1)                    : stage; phase (p.1) =

7.       offering (p.1)               : presenting; tendering; providing; giving (p.1) =

8.       service (p.1)               : business that does the work or supplies goods for customers (p.1) =

9.       renting (p.1)                : hiring; leasing (p.1) =

10.   immediate (p.1)           : instant; direct; abrupt (p.1) =

11.   urgency (p.1)              : hurry; rush (p.1) =

12.   needs (p.2)                 : necessities; requirements (p.2) =

13.   contact (p.2)               : get in touch with; speak to; meet (p.2) =

14.   stock (p.2)                  : store; supply (p.2) =

15.   variety (p.2)                : type; kind; sort; class (p.2) =

16.   extending (p.2)            : offering; giving (p.2) =

17.   displayed (p.2)            : shown; exhibited; demonstrated (p.2) =

18.   negotiates (p.2)           : talks; discusses (p.2) =

19.   purchasing (p.2)          : buying (p.2) =

20.   attract (p.2)                : draw; invite (p.2) =

21.   classified (p.3)            : categorized, grouped; sorted (p.3) =

22.   proprietors (p.3)         : owner (p.3) =

23.   chain (p.3)                  : group, franchise; link; series (p.3) =

24.   meet (p.3)                   : fulfill (p.3) =

25.   spacious (p.3)             : roomy; airy; large (p.3) =

26.   delivered (p.3)            : carried; sent; conveyed; transported (p.3) =

27.   mail order (p.3)           : system of buying and selling goods by post  (p.3) =

28.   visits (p.3)                   : drops by (p.3)  =

 

 

1.       daily (p.1)                   : every day; day by day (p.1) =

2.       entirely (p.1)               : completely; totally; wholly; fully (p.1) =

3.       aware of (p.1)             : responsive to; alert to; conscious of (p.1) =

4.       reach (p.1)                  : arrive; get to (p.1) =

5.       manufacture (p.1)        : produce; make; create (p.1) =

6.       durable (p.1)               : long lasting; heavy duty; tough (p.1) =

7.       fabrics (p.1)                : factories; manufactures (p.1) =

8.       laundry (p.1)               : washing; cleaning; dry-cleaning (p.1) =

9.       depend on (p.1)          : rely on; cont on (p.1) =

10.   endless (p.2)               : never ending; eternal; continuous  (p.2) =

11.   synthetic (p.2)             : artificial man-made (p.2) =

12.   raw (p.2)                    : unprocessed; crude (p.2) =

13.   revolution (p.3)           : transformation; alteration; change; modernization (p.3) =

14.   dying (p.3)                  : colouring (p.3) =

15.   huge (p.4)                   : enormous; vast; gigantic; colossal (p.4) =

16.   valuable (p.4)              : precious; costly; expensive (p.4) =

17.   duplicate (p.4)            : replicate; copy, clone; reproduce (p.4) =

18.   distant (p.4)                : far-away; remote; isolated (p.4) =

19.   cut off (p.4)                : stop; discontinue; finish (p.4) =

20.   resistant (p.5)              : opposed to; anti (p.4) =

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.       particular (p.1)            : certain; special; specific (p.1) =

2.       beverage (p.1)            : drink (p.1) =

3.       capital (p.1)                : assets; wealth (p.1) =

4.       complicated (p.2)        : complex, difficult; intricate (p.2) =

5.       atmosphere (p.2)        : environment; surroundings (p.2) =

6.       rural (p.2)                   : country; village (p.2) =

7.       compete (p.3)             : contest (p.3) =

8.       tightly (p.3)                 : firmly; strongly (p.3) =

9.       trendy (p.3)                : up to date; cool; fashionable (p.3) =

10.   fashioned (p.3)            : created; produced; made; designed (p.3) =

11.   competitive (p.3)         : reasonable; economical (p.3) =

12.   decade (p.4)               : a period of ten years (p.4) =

13.   designs (p.4)               : patterns; motives (p.4) =

14.   favourite (p.4)             : preferred; beloved; desired; most wanted (p.4) =

15.   casual (p.5)                 : informal; relaxed (p.5) =

16.   survive (p.6)               : stay alive; live on (p.6) =

17.   realize (p.6)                : understand; comprehend; recognize (p.6) =

18.   in turn (p.6)                 : in sequence; in succession (p.6) =

19.   proper (p.6)                : appropriate; suitable; fit (p.6) =

 

 

1.       crude (p.1)                 : raw; unrefined; unprocessed (p.1) =

2.       petroleum (p.1)           : mineral oil that forms under the ground or the sea (p.1) =

3.       substances (p.1)          : matter; material (p.1) =

4.       valuable (p.1)              : precious; costly; expensive (p.1) =

5.       refined (p.1)                : purified, processed; distilled; filtered (p.1) =

6.       yield (p.1)                   : produce; generate (p.1) =

7.       fuels (p.1)                   : any materials burned to produce heat or power (p.1) =

8.       exists (p.1)                  : live; survive (p.1) =

9.       lie (p.2)                       : be situated; be placed; be positioned (p.2) =

10.   reached (p.2)              : got; obtained; gained (p.2) =

11.   drilling (p.2)                : boring; making a hole (p.2) =

12.   appearance (p.3)        : look; form (p.3) =

13.   molasses (p.3)            : a thick dark liquid ; treacle (p.3) =

14.   vary (p.3)                   : differ; be different (p.3) =

15.   odor (p.3)                   : smell; scent; aroma (p.3) =

16.   fossil (p.4)                  : relic; remnant (p.4) =

17.   formed (p.4)               : shaped; created; produced (p.4) =

18.   remains (p.4)              : dead body; corpse; cadaver (p.4) =

19.   ancient (p.4)               : very old; earliest (p.4) =

20.   made up of (p.5)         : produced; created; formed (p.5) =

21.   tiny (p.5)                     : microscopic; very small (p.5) =

22.   just as (p.5)                : at the same time as; while; as (p.5) =

23.   solid (p.5)                   : hard; firm (p.5) =

24.   matter (p.5)                : substance; material (p.5) =

25.   tend to (p.5)               : be inclined to; be liable to; have a tendency to; be like to; apt to (p.5) =

26.   chief (p.6)                   : main; principal; primary (p.6) =

27.   replaced (p.6)             : substituted; swapped (p.6) =

28.   wastes (p.6)                : litter; garbage; rubbish (p.6) =

29.   suitable (p.7)               : appropriate; fit (p.6) =

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.       contained (p.1)           : had; held (p.1) =

2.       exists (p.1)                  : be present (p.1) =

3.       obtain (p.1)                 : get; gain; acquire; attain (p.1) =

4.       constructive (p.1)        : positive; helpful; useful; beneficial (p.1) =

5.       destructive (p.1)          : damaging; devastating; harmful (p.1) =

6.       choice (p.2)                : option; alternative; selection (p.2) =

7.       comes from (p.2)        : originates from; derives from (p.2) =

8.       released (p.2)             : discharged; freed (p.2) =

9.       burned (p.2)               : be on fire; incinerated; blazed; glowed (p.2) =

10.   explosions (p.3)          : blast; detonation (p.3) =

11.   described (p.3)           : explained (p.3) =

12.   breakdown (p.3)         : splitting; separation (p.3) =

13.   fission (p.4)                 : the splitting of the nucleus of an atom (p.3) =

14.   supplies (p.4)              : provide; give (p.4) =

15.   requirements (p.4)       : necessities; needs (p.4) =

16.   tremendous (p.4)        : huge; great; enormous; vast; immense (p.4) =

17.   steam (p.4)                 : vapour (p.4) =

18.   drive (p.4)                  : power; run; cause to move (p.4) =

19.   generators (p.4)          : a machine for producing electrical energy (p.4) =

20.   developed (p.5)          : arisen; come into being; happened (p.5) =

21.   plants (p.5)                 : a piece of machinery or equipment (p.5) =

22.   soared (p.5)                : risen; increased (p.5) =

23.   concern (p.5)              : worry (p.5) =

24.   spread (p.5)                : extent; coverage (p.5) =

25.   as yet (p.5)                 : at this time; at present; up to now (p.5) =

26.   dispose of (p.5)          : get rid of; discard; throw away (p.5) =

27.   limited (p.5)                : restricted (p.5) =

 

 

1.       crust (p.1)                   : hard outer layer (p.1) =

2.       mines (p.1)                 : a place where coal or other minerals are extracted from below the surface of the ground (p.1) =

3.       shaft (p.1)                   : a long narrow (usually vertical) space, e.g. for a lift to move up and down in, for entry into a mine (p.1) =

4.       tunnels (p.1)                : channel; passageway; subway (p.1) =

5.       miners (p.2)                : people who work in a mine (p.2) =

6.       lifts (p.2)                     : elevator (p.2) =

7.       look like (p.2)             : appear (p.2) =

8.       dangerous (p.2)          : hazardous; risky (p.2) =

9.       natural (p.2)                : existing in or caused by nature (p.2) =

10.   explore (p.2)               : survey; investigate; search (p.2) =

11.   damp (p.3)                 :  moist; humid; not completely dry (p.3) =

12.   strange (p.3)               : not previously known, visited, seen (p.3) =

13.   mysterious (p.3)          : difficult to understand or explain (p.3) =

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.       conscious (p.1)           : aware; mindful (p.1) =

2.       rights (p.1)                  : privileges; a legal authority or claim to something (p.1) =

3.       households (p.1)         : family (p.1) =

4.       raising (p.1)                : bring up; educate; rear (p.1) =

5.       reformation (p.1)         : restructuring; improvement (p.1) =

6.       rise (p.1)                     : growth; expansion; development (p.1) =

7.       encouraged (p.1)        : supported (p.1) =

8.       clergy (p.1)                 : the people who have been officially made priests (p.1) =

9.       increase (p.1)              : rise; grow; spread (p.1) =

10.   defence (p.1)              : fighting against attack (p.1) =

11.   security (p.1)              : safety (p.1) =

12.   prominent (p,.2)          : outstanding; leading (p.2) =

13.   proud (p.2)                 : full of pride (p.2) =

14.   shuttler (p.2)               : badminton player (p.2) =

15.   hold (p.3)                   : organize; conduct (p.3) =

16.   gradual (p.3)               : steady; regular (p.3) =

17.   expansion (p.3)           : growth; development; increase (p.3) =

18.   era (p.3)                     : age; period; time (p.3) =

19.   include (p.3)               : comprise; consist of (p.3) =

20.   demand (p.3)              : want; claim (p.3) =

21.   equal (p.3)                  : the same (p.3) =

22.   establish (p.3)             : set up; found; institute (p.3) =

23.   inferior (p.4)               : low grade; second-rate (p.4) =

24.   hire (p.4)                    : employ; engage (p.4) =

25.   maid (p.4)                   : female (p.4) =

26.   servant (p.4)               : a person who works in somebody else’s household for wages, and often for food and lodging (p.4) =

27.   handle (p.4)                : manage; conduct (p.4) =

 

 

1.       released (p.1)             : published; issued (p.1) =

2.       content (p.1)               : subject matter (p.1) =

3.       style (p.1)                   : type; sort; form (p.1) =

4.       unusual (p.1)               : uncommon; rare (p.1) =

5.       nuance (p.1)               : touch (p.1) =

6.       raised (p.1)                 : caused; got; created (p.1) =

7.       responses (p.1)           : reaction (p.1) =

8.       poet (p.1)                   : a writer of poems (p.1) =

9.       compositions (p.1)      : work of art (p.1) =

10.   regards (p.1)               : considers; thinks; sees; views (p.1) =

11.   unique (p.1)                : exclusive; distinctive; unlike anything else (p.1) =

12.   impressive (p.1)          : inspiring (p.1) =

13.   author (p.2)                : writer (p.2) =

14.   famous (p.2)               : well-known; famed (p.2) =

15.   talented (p.2)              : clever; brilliant; capable (p.2) =

16.   offers (p.2)                 : presents (p.2) =

17.   perception (p.2)          : view; opinion (p.2) =

18.   spent (p.3)                  : passed (p.3) =

19.   prepare (p.3)              : arrange; organize; plan (p.3) =

20.   promotion (p.3)          : advertising; marketing (p.3) =

21.   distribution (p.3)         : circulation (p.3) =

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.       organized (p.1)           : arrange; manage; coordinate (p.1) =

2.       participated (p.1)        : took part; joined; contributed (p.1) =

3.       reform (p.1)                : improvement; restructuring (p.1) =

4.       movement (p.1)          : group; association; society (p.1) =

5.       including (p.1)             : comprising; consisting of (p.1) =

6.       prison (p.1)                 : jail (p.1) =

7.       improve (p.1)              : upgrade; develop; build up; expand (p.1) =

8.       ban (p.1)                    : prohibit; forbid; veto (p.1) =

9.       free (p.1)                    : release; liberate (p.1) =

10.   slaves (p.1)                 : persons who are legally owned by somebody and is forced to work for them (p.1) =

11.   feminists (p.1)             : supporters of feminism (p.1) =

12.   abolitionists (p.1)        : persons who favour the abolition of something (p.1) =

13.   supported (p.1)           : backed; encouraged (p.1) =

14.   denied (p.1)                : declined; rejected; refused (p.1)

15.   entry (p.1)                  : access; admission (p.1) =

16.   involved (p.1)             : concerned; interested (p.1) =

17.   amendments (p.2)       : revisions ;corrections; changes (p.2)

18.   constitution (p.2)         : charter; bill; statute (p.2) =

19.   adopted (p.2)             : accepted; approved; agreed to (p.2) =

20.   granted (p.2)               : given; awarded (p.2) =

21.   suffrage (p.2)              : the right to vote in political elections (p.2) =

22.   discouraged (p.2)        : dispirited; disheartened; depressed (p.2) = 

23.   resolved (p.2)             : determined (p.2) =

24.   influenced (p.2)           : affected; inspired (p.2) =

25.   demand (p.2)              : request; claim (p.2) =

26.   vote (p.2)                   : take part in an election or ballot (p.2) =

27.   yielded (p.2)               : produced (p.2) =

28.   resisted (p.2)              : opposed; refused to accept (p.2) =

29.   bill (p.2)                      : law (p.2) =

30.   present (p.2)               : stated; communicated (p.2) =

31.   failed (p.2)                  : not succeed; not successful (p.2) =

32.   pass (p.2)                   : ratify; adopt; approve (p.2) =